Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

Return ordered

Return ordered.

Note that the mother later appealed this decision, arguing that the judge was wrong to dismiss the Article 13(1)(a) acquiescence and Article 13(1)(b) exceptions to return. The appeal was dismissed and the decision upheld. See case: Re B (1980 Hague Convention: Article 13(a)/(b)), [2025] EWCA Civ 1603, INCADAT ID1671.

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

Appeal dismissed, return ordered

Appeal dismissed, return ordered. 

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Best Interests of the Child

Return refused

Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Settlement of the Child - Art. 12(2)

Return refused

Return refused, the child was now well-settled in the US. 

Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Settlement of the Child - Art. 12(2) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Return ordered.

Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return refused

Return refused. 

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Non-Convention Issues

Appeal allowed, return refused

Appeal allowed. The Court set aside the order for return and dismissed the father’s application under the 1980 Hague Convention.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

Case remitted to lower court

Appeal allowed and case remitted for a further hearing.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

Appeal dismissed, return ordered

Appeal dismissed, return ordered. 

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

Appeal allowed, return refused

Appeal allowed, return refused. The first instance judge had erred in her approach to determining whether there was a grave risk to the children under Article 13(1)(b).