Case Law Search

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Appeal dismissed and application for access under Article 21 allowed to proceed.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3

Return ordered

Return ordered; the removal breached custody rights held by the father.

Rights of Access - Art. 21 | Interpretation of the Convention

Application to enforce foreign access order refused; Article 21 was held to create no rights in private law which a parent could directly enforce in respect of a child.

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

Unanimous: infringement of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR); award of damages on the basis of Article 41 of the ECHR.

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Appeal dismissed, application dismissed

Appeal dismissed and application dismissed; by a majority verdict it was held that under the International Child Abduction Remedies Act there was no jurisdiction for a Federal Court to hear an access claim.

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Application dismissed

Application dismissed; the court did not have jurisdiction to consider a request for access rights as a remedy to a wrongful retention.

Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Article 15 Decision or Determination | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Human Rights - Art. 20 | Rights of Access - Art. 21

Appeal allowed, application dismissed

Appeal allowed and application dismissed; the inferior courts had erred in rejecting the determination of the Romanian courts pursuant to Article 15; under Romanian law the father had no rights of custody for Convention purposes therefore the removal of the child was not wrongful.

Role of the Central Authorities - Arts 6 - 10

Parties urged to resort to mediation in order to solve the dispute involving visitation rights within the context of Article 21 of the 1980 Hague Child Abduction Convention.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Undertakings | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Rights of Access - Art. 21

Subject to an undertaking, the child was to be sent to the United States for a two week period of contact with the father.

Rights of Access - Art. 21 | Interpretation of the Convention

Application dismissed

Application dismissed; there was no cause of action under the Convention to enforce access rights absent the wrongful removal or retention of the child.

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Application dismissed

Application dismissed; there was no cause of action under the Convention to enforce access rights absent the wrongful removal or retention of the child.

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

ECrtHR - Violation of Article 8 ECHR, award of damages

Violation of Article 8, ECHR; the Russian Federation had failed to put in place the necessary legal framework to address the international child abduction case at the time, and had failed to take all reasonable measures to facilitate the enjoyment of the right to family life. The Russian Court's decision to refuse to recognise and enforce the Czech decision of 2 June 2011 did not amount to a violation of Article 8, ECHR.

The Court considered it unnecessary to separately examine the applicant's claim under Article 13, ECHR. 12,500 Euros awarded in damages. 

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

ECrtHR - Violation of Article 8 ECHR, award of damages

1 child wrongfully retained at 8 months old – National of Canada – Married parents – Father national of Canada and Poland – Mother national of Poland – Child lived in Canada  – Application for return filed with the courts of Poland on 31 October 2011 – Return refused before application to ECtHR on 23 December 2013 – Violation of Art. 8 ECHR – EUR 9,000 awarded in damages – The reasoning of the domestic courts in applying Art. 13(1)(b) of the 1980 Child Abduction Hague Convention disregarded the relevant elements necessary for assessing the best interests of the child within the strict application of the Article

Role of the Central Authorities - Arts 6 - 10

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Access ordered; the maternal grandmother possessed rights of access pursuant to the order of the Superior Court of Arizona and those rights had been breached by the father's actions.

Rights of Access - Art. 21 | Procedural Matters

Application dismissed

Application dismissed; in the absence of a court order conferring him access rights, the father did not have the standing to bring an application for access pursuant to the Family Law (Child Abduction Convention) Regulations.

Rights of Access - Art. 21

Application dismissed; imposing the right of access was not in the children's interest.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Rights of Access - Art. 21

Access ordered; the court recognized and enforced the American access order.

Rights of Access - Art. 21 | Interpretation of the Convention

Appeal dismissed; the Family Law Regulations, which give effect to rights arising under the Hague Convention, do not accord the Australian Central Authority with the power to apply for access rights to be created.

Aims of the Convention - Preamble, Arts 1 and 2 | Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Interpretation of the Convention

Application dismissed

Application dismissed; there had neither been a wrongful removal nor a wrongful retention.