Case Law Search

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Appeal dismissed, return refused

Appeal dismissed and return refused; the removal was wrongful but the standard required under Article 13(2) had been met to show that the child objected to a return.

Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

Appeal allowed, return ordered

Appeal allowed and return ordered; the Convention was applicable and the retention was wrongful while Article 13(2) had not been proved to the standard required.

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Return ordered; removal wrongful and none of the exceptions proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Aims of the Convention - Preamble, Arts 1 and 2 | Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Appeal dismissed, return ordered

Appeal dismissed; return ordered; the removal was wrongful as the father's right of custody had been breached, and none of the exceptions raised by the mother had been proved.

Habitual Residence - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

Return refused

Return refused; the retention was wrongful, but the standard required under Articles 13(1)(b) and 13(2) had been met.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Retention wrongful and return ordered; the standard required under Article 13(2) to show that the child objected to a return had not been met.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Return ordered; the standard required under Articles 13(1)(a), 13(1)(b) and 13(2) had not been met.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Appeal allowed, return refused

Appeal allowed, removal wrongful but return refused; the standard required under Article 13(2) had been made out in respect of the older child, that in turn led to a finding that the younger sibling would face an intolerable situation, under Article 13(1)(b), if returned alone.

Removal and Retention - Arts 3 and 12 | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

Return refused

Return refused; the removal was wrongful, but, on the strength of the child's objection to a return to Germany, the court exercised its discretion under Article 13(2) not to order her return.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered with undertakings offered

Retention wrongful and return ordered with undertakings offered; harm, if any existed, would result from unsupervised access with the father, not by the children returning to Australia.

Consent - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters | Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a)

Return ordered

Return ordered; the application under Article 13(1)(b) exception failed. The mother and children were sufficiently protected against harm by measures under the Convention and the laws of the American courts.

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Undertakings

Appeal dismissed, return ordered with undertakings offered

Appeal dismissed and return ordered, undertakings offered; the standard required under Article 13(1)(b) to indicate that the children would face a grave risk of harm had not been met.

Aims of the Convention - Preamble, Arts 1 and 2 | Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Appeal allowed, return ordered

Appeal allowed and return ordered; the retention was wrongful and neither Article 13(1)(a) nor Article 13(2) had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Appeal dismissed, return refused

Appeal dismissed and return refused; the trial judge had been justified in finding that the standard required under Article 13(2) had been met in respect of the older boy and that the younger boy would face an intolerable situation if sent back alone.

Human Rights - Art. 20

Acquiescence - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Return ordered; none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered

Return ordered; the children objected to a return, but in exercising its subsequent discretion the court found that there was simply so much in dispute and so much that required resolution that the appropriate forum for the substantive custody proceedings was South Africa.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2) | Procedural Matters

Appeal allowed, return ordered

Appeal allowed and return ordered; the court found the father had a right of veto over the removal of the child from the jurisdiction and given that he was exercising his access rights it was ruled that he would have exercised this custodial right had it not been for the unilateral nature of the removal. Consequently the removal of the child was wrongful.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Consent - Art. 13(1)(a) | Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b) | Procedural Matters

Appeal dismissed, return ordered

Appeal dismissed and return ordered; the removal had been in breach of actually exercised rights of custody and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Rights of Custody - Art. 3 | Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)

Return ordered