CASO

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Nombre del caso

8Ob535/92, Oberster Gerichtshof

Referencia INCADAT

HC/E/AT 566

Tribunal

País

Austria

Instancia

Primera Instancia

Estados involucrados

Estado requirente

Estados Unidos de América

Estado requerido

Austria

Fallo

Fecha

25 June 1992

Estado

Definitiva

Fundamentos

Interpretación del Convenio

Fallo

Apelación desestimada, solicitud desestimada

Artículo(s) del Convenio considerados

1 35

Artículo(s) del Convenio invocados en la decisión

35

Otras disposiciones

-

Jurisprudencia | Casos referidos

-

INCADAT comentario

Objetivos y ámbito de aplicación del Convenio

Interpretación del Convenio
Informe Explicativo - Pérez-Vera
Conceptos autónomos

SUMARIO

Sumario disponible en EN | FR

Facts

The child, a girl, was approximately 9 years of age at the date of the alleged wrongful retention. The family was living, separated, in the United States of America. The parents had divorced in 1987 and since then the father had exercised primary physical care of the child. The mother, who had a right of access, did not return the child to her father as planned at the end of the summer in 1988.

Instead, she took the child to an unknown destination in the United States before boarding a plane to Germany and then, in June 1989, travelling to Austria. The father was eventually able to discover the whereabouts of the mother and the child and on 7 October 1991 made an application to the District Court (Bezirksgericht) of Vienna intra muros for return of the child.

On 19 November 1991 the Court held that the child was settled in her new environment and dismissed the father's application. On 15 January 1992 the Regional Court for Civil Matters (Landesgericht für Zivilrechtssachen) in Vienna dismissed the father's appeal on the grounds that the Convention was not applicable. The father appealed this decision.

Ruling

Appeal dismissed; application dismissed. At the start of the wrongful retention, the Convention was not yet in force in Austria.

Grounds

Interpretation of the Convention

The Supreme Court emphasized that the Convention entered into force in the United States of America on 1 July 1988, i.e., shortly before the wrongful retention of the child. The Court added that the Convention nevertheless entered into force in Austria shortly after the retention (on 1 October 1988). It was therefore not certain that the Convention was applicable to the case at hand. The Court recalled that according to Article 35, paragraph 1, “This Convention shall apply as between Contracting States only to wrongful removals or retentions occurring after its entry into force in those States.” It added that the term “Contracting States” presumed that the Convention had already entered into force in these States but that the Austrian Explanatory Report did not provide details as to the scope of application of the Convention in time. Considering the Pérez-Vera Report, the Court noted that two possibilities in particular had been envisaged: a wide interpretation of the Convention, according to which the Convention would be applicable to any abduction and independently of the date at which it would have taken place, and a more restrictive interpretation imposing application of the Convention to only those abductions which took place after the entry into force of the Convention in the States concerned. The First Commission had retained this last proposal. The Reporter had added that this solution, which did not meet the expectation of the parties, could be amended by the Contracting States so as to allow for retroactive application of the Convention. However, the Court noted that such an agreement did not exist between Austria and the United States. The Supreme Court informed that the moment in time that should be considered was that of the start of the wrongful event. In the case at hand, the date to be taken into account was therefore the date at which the child should have been returned to the father. The duration of the wrongful event should not be taken into account. In the same way, it was not relevant to examine when the child had been taken out of the United States. The Court concluded that the Convention was indeed not applicable to the case at hand.

INCADAT comment

Pérez-Vera Report

Preparation of INCADAT commentary in progress.

Autonomous Concepts

Preparation of INCADAT commentary in progress.