AFFAIRE

Texte complet non disponible

Nom de l'affaire

Tribunal civil de l'arrondissement de la Sarine (Civil Court of the Sarine District), decision of 20 December 1999, TR 1999/419

Référence INCADAT

HC/E/CH 445

Juridiction

Pays

Suisse

Nom

Tribunal civil de l'arrondissement de la Sarine (Suisse)

Degré

Première instance

États concernés

État requérant

Mexique

État requis

Suisse

Décision

Date

20 December 1999

Statut

Confirmé par l'instance supérieure

Motifs

Droit de garde - art. 3 | Risque grave - art. 13(1)(b) | Questions procédurales

Décision

Retour ordonné

Article(s) de la Convention visé(s)

1 2 3 5 11 12 13(1)(b) 19 26

Article(s) de la Convention visé(s) par le dispositif

3 13(1)(a) 13(1)(b) 26

Autres dispositions

-

Jurisprudence | Affaires invoquées

-

INCADAT commentaire

Mécanisme de retour

Droit de garde
Exercice effectif de la garde

Exceptions au retour

Problèmes généraux
Nature limitée des exceptions

RÉSUMÉ

Résumé disponible en EN | FR | ES

Facts

The child, a girl, was 4 at the date of the alleged wrongful removal. She had until then been living in Mexico. The parents were married and shared rights of custody. In April 1999 the father took the girl to Switzerland. On 20 September 1999 the mother petitioned for the return of the child.

Ruling

Return ordered; the removal was wrongful and none of the exceptions had been proved to the standard required under the Convention.

Grounds

Rights of Custody - Art. 3

The father sought to argue that the mother was not actually exercising her right of custody, given that she worked during the day and did not spend much time with her daughter. The court found that this did not represent a lack of interest in the child and rejected this argument.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)

The court found that the child would not face a grave risk of harm were she to be returned. The court rejected an expert report presented by the father on the basis that it had not been ordered and the impartiality of the expert had been called into question by the mother.

Procedural Matters

The mother was publically funded and did not have to pay any costs. The father was ordered to pay the costs associated with the return of the child.

INCADAT comment

The father subsequently sought to challenge the return order before the regional court of appeal and the Federal Supreme Court. However, neither court entertained the application, both declaring it to be inadmissible.

Actual Exercise

Courts in a variety of Contracting States have afforded a wide interpretation to what amounts to the actual exercise of rights of custody, see:

Australia
Director General, Department of Community Services Central Authority v. J.C. and J.C. and T.C. (1996) FLC 92-717 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/AU 68];

Austria
8Ob121/03g, Oberster Gerichtshof, 30/10/2003 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/AT 548];

Belgium
N° de rôle: 02/7742/A, Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles 6/3/2003 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/BE 545];

United Kingdom - England & Wales
Re W. (Abduction: Procedure) [1995] 1 FLR 878, [INCADAT cite: HC/E/UKe 37];

France
Ministère Public c. M.B. Cour d'Appel at Aix en Provence (6e Ch.) 23 March 1989, 79 Rev. crit. 1990, 529 note Y. Lequette [INCADAT cite: HC/E/FR 62];

CA Amiens 4 mars 1998, n° 5704759 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/FR 704];

CA Aix en Provence 8/10/2002, L. v. Ministère Public, Mme B et Mesdemoiselles L (N° de rôle 02/14917) [INCADAT cite: HC/E/FR 509];

Germany
11 UF 121/03, Oberlandesgericht Hamm, [INCADAT cite: HC/E/DE 822];

21 UF 70/01, Oberlandesgericht Köln, [INCADAT cite: HC/E/DE 491];

New Zealand
The Chief Executive of the Department for Courts for R. v. P., 20 September 1999, Court of Appeal of New Zealand [INCADAT cite: HC/E/NZ 304];

United Kingdom - Scotland
O. v. O. 2002 SC 430 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/UKs 507].

In the above case the Court of Session stated that it might be going too far to suggest, as the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit had done in Friedrich v Friedrich that only clear and unequivocal acts of abandonment might constitute failure to exercise custody rights. However, Friedrich was fully approved of in a later Court of Session judgment, see:

S. v S., 2003 SLT 344 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/UKs 577].

This interpretation was confirmed by the Inner House of the Court of Session (appellate court) in:

AJ. V. FJ. 2005 CSIH 36, 2005 1 S.C. 428 [INCADAT cite: HC/E/UKs 803].

Switzerland
K. v. K., Tribunal cantonal de Horgen [INCADAT cite: HC/E/CZ 299];

449/III/97/bufr/mour, Cour d'appel du canton de Berne, [INCADAT cite: HC/E/CH 433];

5A_479/2007/frs, Tribunal fédéral, IIè cour civile, [INCADAT cite: HC/E/CH 953];

United States of America
Friedrich v. Friedrich, 78 F.3d 1060 (6th Cir) [INCADAT cite: HC/E/USf 82];

Sealed Appellant v. Sealed Appellee, 394 F.3d 338 (5th Cir. 2004), [INCADAT cite: HC/E/USf 779];

Abbott v. Abbott, 130 S. Ct. 1983 (2010), [INCADAT cite: HC/E/USf 1029].

See generally Beaumont P.R. and McEleavy P.E., 'The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction' OUP, Oxford, 1999 at p. 84 et seq.

Limited Nature of the Exceptions

Preparation of INCADAT case law analysis in progress.