HC/E/IT 1283
Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CourEDH)
États-Unis d'Amérique
Italie
30 September 2008
Définitif
Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH)
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The majority of the ECrtHR found that the possibility for the father to continue to have stable relations with his son was a fundamental element of family life so that the child's maintenance in Italy decided upon by the Italian courts was interference within the meaning of Article 8 ECHR.
It added that while this provision created affirmative duties to take suitable action to reunite the parent and child, those obligations were not absolute and should be interpreted in the light of the requirements of the 1980 Convention and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989.
The ECrtHR having noted that the rulings challenged by the father were intended to protect the rights and freedoms of the child, recognized as a legitimate purpose, the issue was whether the interference was "necessary in a democratic society". Noting that Article 8 does not "contain any express procedural requirement, the decision-process leading to the interference measures must be fair and observe in an appropriate manner the interests protected by that provision".
Reviewing the Italian decisions and procedure, the ECrtHR considered that the Italian Courts had "conducted a thorough review of the whole family situation, and an appraisal of the interest of all parties involved and especially the child", whose best interest "was always at the heart of the action of the authorities seised", "even when the Court of Appeal was compelled in 2006 to admit that the proposed rapprochement between father and son had failed".
The child had always strongly objected to the idea of joining his father in the USA. The ECrtHR inferred that the authorities "had deployed all necessary efforts to protect the primordial interests of the minor". The Court added that "insofar as the claim [...] might be interpreted as referring to an alleged impossibility of exercising his right of access", the father had failed to provide it with sufficient evidence to rule on this point. It concluded that there was no breach of Article 8.
Judges Popovic and Sajo, however, stated a dissenting opinion, considering that the father had constantly referred to his right of access, "naturally always as an accessory in relation to custody of the child". Pointing out that in accordance with the precedents of the Court, "the child's interest can have a two-fold purpose: to secure its evolution in a healthy environment, and a parent may not be permitted to take action detrimental to its health or development; and to maintain its connections with its family, unless the latter has proved particularly unfit, because breaking that connection is equivalent to severing the child from its roots".
According to Judges Popovic and Sajo, "custody of the child include[d] links with the family, and the right of access and right to exercise parental authority [were] instruments of those links with the family, which constitute[d] mutual rights". In their view, accordingly, there was a breach of Article 8 ECHR in this respect.
Author of the summary: Aude Fiorini
Preparation of INCADAT commentary in progress.