HC/E/1284
European Court of Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR)
30 July 2013
Final
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
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The mother asserted that the Swiss authorities' refusal to issue her with a residence permit for over six years had hindered her right to respect for family life. The ECrtHR found that the application was admissible: the mother had, in the special circumstances of the case, submitted her claim based on breach of Article 8 ECHR to the domestic courts, the latest final domestic ruling being the judgment of the Federal Administrative Tribunal dated 15 December 2009.
As the application had been made in June 2010, the six-months rule had also been observed. The Court added that issuance of the residence permit was not sufficient reparation for the "possible consequences of the [mother] being deprived of actual and secure relations with her child for over six years", and accordingly denied Switzerland's motion for dismissal of the application on the basis of resolution of the dispute. On the merits, the mother claimed that the Swiss authorities had failed to take all the measures that could reasonably be required of them to enable her actually to exercise family relations with the child.
The Court repeated its unchanging case-law concerning the existence of affirmative obligations of the States "inherent in actual respect for private or family life" and implying "the establishment of an appropriate and sufficient legal arsenal to secure the legitimate rights of the parties involved", which are to "enable the State to adopt suitable measures to reunite a parent with his or her child including in the event of a conflict between the parents", together with "all preparatory measures to achieve that goal", which measures are to be "established promptly".
The Court explained that its task was not to substitute for the competent agencies, but to appraise from the angle of the ECHR the decisions made by the domestic authorities in exercising their discretion. In the case in point, the Court found that there was no doubt that there existed family life between the mother and child. Its task was accordingly to ascertain that the Swiss authorities' response to the need to take suitable action to maintain the connections between the mother and child during the proceedings concerning parental rights had been consistent with the affirmative obligations arising out of Article 8 ECHR.
The Court noted that throughout the proceedings, the mother had taken steps from the Philippines despite meagre financial resources, and whereas the parents were in dispute regarding custody. It was accordingly incumbent upon the Swiss judicial authorities to rule on an emergency basis. Admittedly, in view of the dispute between parents, the authorities had to take precautions and perform inspections. However, the ECrtHR set great store by the fact that the mother had been unable to maintain any contact except by telephone with the child for several years.
The father lived de facto with the child starting in 2004 despite the fact that the mother had parental authority and custody of the child. All the mother's attempts to repatriate the child to the Philippines having failed and her applications for a residence permit being denied, the mother was unable to enforce her rights to maintenance of family life until January 2010. After that date, the mother was still deprived of actual and secure family relations with the child; being awarded a right of access that could only be exercised in Switzerland, she had been able to exercise it actually only at the cost of a clandestine and illegal stay in Switzerland, a precarious situation that prevailed until October 2012 even though the authorities were aware of the inextricable situation in which she was.
The Court admitted that the situation had now been remedied, at least for the duration of the validity of the residence permit (granted after communication of the application to the ECrtHR). However, this situation did not remove the finding that the mother had been deprived of actual exercise of her family life with her child for over six years, and that their personal relations had been substantially damaged, at a crucial time. The Court found unanimously that Article 8 ECHR had been breached.
Author of the summary: Aude Fiorini