CASE

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Case Name

Polidario c. Suisse (Requête No 33169/10)

INCADAT reference

HC/E/1284

Court

Name

European Court of Human Rights

Level

European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR)

Judge(s)
Guido Raimondi (président); Peer Lorenzen, Dragoljub Popovi?, András Sajó, Nebojša Vu?ini?, Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque, Helen Keller (juges); Stanley Naismith (greffier de section)

States involved

Decision

Date

30 July 2013

Status

Final

Grounds

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

Order

-

HC article(s) Considered

-

HC article(s) Relied Upon

-

Other provisions
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
Authorities | Cases referred to
Claes c. Belgique, no 43418/09, § 77, 10 janvier 2013 ; Riad et Idiab c. Belgique, nos 29787/03 et 29810/03, § 55, 24 janvier 2008 ; Chevanova c. Lettonie (radiation) [GC], no 58822/00, §§ 45 et suivants, 7 décembre 2007 ; Pisano c. Italie (radiation) [GC], no 36732/97, § 45, 24 octobre 2002 ; Tewolde c. Suisse (déc.), no 67808/10, 6 mars 2012 ; Konstantin Markin c. Russie [GC], no 30078/06, § 87, CEDH 2012 (extraits) ; Hamidovic c. Italie, no 31956/05, §§ 36 à 38, 4 décembre 2012 ; Rodrigues da Silva et Hoogkamer c. Pays-Bas, no 50435/99, § 39, CEDH 2006 I ; Meirelles c. Bulgarie, no 66203/10, §§ 72 à 75, 18 décembre 2012 ; Wagner et J.M.W.L. c. Luxembourg, no 76240/01, § 119, 28 juin 2007 ; X et Y c. Pays-Bas, 26 mars 1985, § 23, série A no 91 ; M.C. c. Bulgarie, no 39272/98, § 150, CEDH 2003 XII ; Artico c. Italie, 13 mai 1980, § 33, série A no 37 ; Mihailova c. Bulgarie, no 35978/02, § 82, 12 janvier 2006 ; Ignaccolo-Zenide c. Roumanie, no 31679/96, § 108, CEDH 2000 I ; Sylvester c. Autriche, nos 36812/97 et40104/98, § 68, 24 avril 2003 ; Zav?el c. République tchèque, no 14044/05, § 47, 18 janvier 2007 ; Kosmopoulou c. Grèce, no 60457/00, § 45, 5 février 2004 ; Amanalachioai c. Roumanie, no 4023/04, § 95, 26 mai 2009 ; Ignaccolo-Zenide, précité, §§ 105 et 112 ; Maire c. Portugal, no 48206/99, § 74, CEDH 2003 VII ; Pini et autres c. Roumanie, nos 78028/01 et 78030/01, § 175, CEDH 2004 V (extraits) ; Bianchi c. Suisse, no 7548/04, § 85, 22 juin 2006 ; Mincheva c. Bulgarie, no 21558/03, § 84, 2 septembre 2010 ; Hokkanen c. Finlande, 23 septembre 1994, § 55, série A no 299 A ; Özmen c. Turquie, no 28110/08, § 82, 4 décembre 2012 ; Diamante et Pelliccioni c. Saint-Marin, no 32250/08, § 185, 27 septembre 2011 ; Cengiz K?l?ç c. Turquie, no 16192/06, § 127, 6 décembre 2011 ; Agraw c. Suisse, no 3295/06, § 60, 29 juillet 2010 ; Bianchi c. Suisse, no 7548/04, § 123, 22 juin 2006 ; Emre c. Suisse, no 42034/04, § 103, 22 mai 2008 ; Sanoma Uitgevers B.V. c. Pays-Bas [GC], no 38224/03, § 109, 14 septembre 2010 ; Šilih c. Slovénie [GC], no 71463/01, § 226, 9 avril 2009 ; Mooren c. Allemagne [GC], no 11364/03, § 134, 9 juillet 2009.

INCADAT comment

Inter-Relationship with International / Regional Instruments and National Law

European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR)
European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR) Judgments

SUMMARY

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Facts

The case concerned a child born out of wedlock in Switzerland to a Filipino mother and a father having subsequently become Swiss. The parents were soon in conflict. In June 2002, the parents entered into a maintenance agreement for the child, who resided in Switzerland with the mother at the time. In August 2002, a Court set up a guardianship for organisation and supervision of personal relations between the father and child. In the meantime, in June 2002, the mother was subjected to deportation proceedings, and in September 2002, she returned to the Philippines with the child.

In the summer of 2004, the father went to the Philippines. The mother, with a concern for maintaining relations between the father and child, permitted the father in writing to take the child with him on holiday. The father took the child to Switzerland in October 2004. It was agreed orally that the child would return to the Philippines in March 2005. The father failed to return him and the mother immediately initiated multiple actions, but the Hague Convention was of no help because the Philippines are not a Party.

The mother, starting in June 2006, brought various applications and actions for a permit to enter and reside in Switzerland in order to be able to live with her son, without depriving the father of him. On 15 December 2009, the Federal Administrative Tribunal dismissed the mother's appeal "finally".

In 2006, the father entered an application for withdrawal of parental authority from the mother. Pursuant to a decision of the Federal Tribunal on 9 July 2008, further proceedings were held regarding parental rights. On that basis, the mother was invited to attend in January 2010, and obtained for the purpose a visa for one week's stay in Switzerland. Being unable, after that stay, to accept to leave Switzerland and part from her child once again, she lived underground from that time on.

In June 2010, by an order for provisional measures, custody (but not parental authority) was withdrawn from the mother and the child placed with the father, with the mother being awarded a right of access to be exercised in Switzerland. The Wardship Court opened an investigation on the merits. In December 2010, the Court specified that the fact that the mother had not been granted a residence permit did not endanger the child, and set the mother's right of access at two hours a week, at a "Point Rencontre" [neutral meeting point] in Switzerland. Starting in February 2011, the mother exercised her right of access at the "Point Rencontre" in Geneva. In view of the favourable evolution of mother-son relations, the court permitted the mother in August 2012 to see her child one Saturday out of two for the whole day, without going to the "Point Rencontre".

On 25 October 2012, the mother was granted a residence permit valid for one year. In June 2013, the court permitted the mother to take the child to the Philippines on holiday, as the minors-protection department had reported that parental relations had been normalised and the father had agreed. No decision on the merits had been made by the date of the ECrtHR ruling pursuant to the judgment of the Federal Tribunal dated 9 July 2008.

Ruling

Unanimous: breach of Article 8 ECHR owing to the mother's deprivation of actual exercise of her family life with the child for over six years; award to the mother of EUR 16,223 for intangible damage and EUR 13,000 (plus any tax due) for costs and expenses.

Grounds

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

The mother asserted that the Swiss authorities' refusal to issue her with a residence permit for over six years had hindered her right to respect for family life. The ECrtHR found that the application was admissible: the mother had, in the special circumstances of the case, submitted her claim based on breach of Article 8 ECHR to the domestic courts, the latest final domestic ruling being the judgment of the Federal Administrative Tribunal dated 15 December 2009.

As the application had been made in June 2010, the six-months rule had also been observed. The Court added that issuance of the residence permit was not sufficient reparation for the "possible consequences of the [mother] being deprived of actual and secure relations with her child for over six years", and accordingly denied Switzerland's motion for dismissal of the application on the basis of resolution of the dispute. On the merits, the mother claimed that the Swiss authorities had failed to take all the measures that could reasonably be required of them to enable her actually to exercise family relations with the child.

The Court repeated its unchanging case-law concerning the existence of affirmative obligations of the States "inherent in actual respect for private or family life" and implying "the establishment of an appropriate and sufficient legal arsenal to secure the legitimate rights of the parties involved", which are to "enable the State to adopt suitable measures to reunite a parent with his or her child including in the event of a conflict between the parents", together with "all preparatory measures to achieve that goal", which measures are to be "established promptly".

The Court explained that its task was not to substitute for the competent agencies, but to appraise from the angle of the ECHR the decisions made by the domestic authorities in exercising their discretion. In the case in point, the Court found that there was no doubt that there existed family life between the mother and child. Its task was accordingly to ascertain that the Swiss authorities' response to the need to take suitable action to maintain the connections between the mother and child during the proceedings concerning parental rights had been consistent with the affirmative obligations arising out of Article 8 ECHR.

The Court noted that throughout the proceedings, the mother had taken steps from the Philippines despite meagre financial resources, and whereas the parents were in dispute regarding custody. It was accordingly incumbent upon the Swiss judicial authorities to rule on an emergency basis. Admittedly, in view of the dispute between parents, the authorities had to take precautions and perform inspections. However, the ECrtHR set great store by the fact that the mother had been unable to maintain any contact except by telephone with the child for several years.

The father lived de facto with the child starting in 2004 despite the fact that the mother had parental authority and custody of the child. All the mother's attempts to repatriate the child to the Philippines having failed and her applications for a residence permit being denied, the mother was unable to enforce her rights to maintenance of family life until January 2010. After that date, the mother was still deprived of actual and secure family relations with the child; being awarded a right of access that could only be exercised in Switzerland, she had been able to exercise it actually only at the cost of a clandestine and illegal stay in Switzerland, a precarious situation that prevailed until October 2012 even though the authorities were aware of the inextricable situation in which she was.

The Court admitted that the situation had now been remedied, at least for the duration of the validity of the residence permit (granted after communication of the application to the ECrtHR). However, this situation did not remove the finding that the mother had been deprived of actual exercise of her family life with her child for over six years, and that their personal relations had been substantially damaged, at a crucial time. The Court found unanimously that Article 8 ECHR had been breached.

Author of the summary: Aude Fiorini

INCADAT comment

European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR) Judgments