CASO

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Nombre del caso

N° de rôle : 08/14107/A réf, Tribunal de Première Instance de Bruxelles

Referencia INCADAT

HC/E/BE 954

Tribunal

País

Bélgica

Instancia

Primera Instancia

Estados involucrados

Estado requirente

Portugal

Estado requerido

Bélgica

Fallo

Fecha

17 November 2008

Estado

Definitiva

Fundamentos

Residencia habitual - art. 3 | Grave riesgo - art. 13(1)(b) | Objeciones del niño a la restitución - art. 13(2)

Fallo

Restitución ordenada

Artículo(s) del Convenio considerados

3 13(1)(b)

Artículo(s) del Convenio invocados en la decisión

13(1)(b)

Otras disposiciones

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Jurisprudencia | Casos referidos

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Publicado en

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SUMARIO

Sumario disponible en EN | FR | ES

Facts

The children involved were born in 2002 and 2004 of a Portuguese mother and a Belgian father who had married and lived in Belgium until 2003, before settling in Portugal. On 25 December 2005, the parents separated. Following this, the children lived mainly with their mother and the father had them to stay when he wished.

In September 2006 the father resettled in Belgium, but continued thereafter to see the children regularly in Portugal. In January 2007 the mother initiated a custody procedure in Portugal. On 7 August 2008, as part of the proceedings, the mother was granted provisional custody of the children.

On 3 August 2008, the father took charge of the children in Portugal to take them on holiday in Belgium. He failed to return them on the agreed date.

The mother filed a return application with the Portuguese Central Authority, which was transferred to the Belgian Central Authority in September 2008. In October, the father obtained exclusive custody of the children in Belgium through the a decision of a judge (juge de paix) in Brussels.

Ruling

Return ordered, the retention was wrongful and none of the exceptions were applicable.

Grounds

Habitual Residence - Art. 3


The father claimed that the children did not have their place of habitual residence in Portugal because the family was domiciled in Belgium. The court emphasised that the concept of habitual residence is a factual concept, which is independent of the legal concept of domicile and which was to be construed as being the place of the effective centre of gravity of the child's life, the place where the child has his or her centre of emotional, family, educational and social interests.

In this particular case, the children lived together since 2003 with their mother and their grand-mother in Portugal, where they went to school. They did therefore have their habitual residence in this country.

Grave Risk - Art. 13(1)(b)


In addition, the father referred to the exception of grave risk; according to him, the return of the children would place them in an intolerable situation due to the mother's financial situation, their living conditions and their healthcare.

With regards to the living conditions, the court observed that the mother had not moved since her separation from the father and added that the father did not support any of his statements with documents while a social worker assessment had been carried out at the mother's home before the Portuguese court provisionally gave her the custody of the children in October 2008.

The father considered that the mother neglected the children's health. The court observed that the health problems were not as serious as the father alleged them to be as the children were leading a normal life in Belgium. The court added that, inter alia, it had not been established that the children's health issues were due to their mother's neglect, or that they could not adequately be taken care of in Portugal.
 

Objections of the Child to a Return - Art. 13(2)


The father alleged the children to be suffering psychological disturbances and requested the hearing of the eldest. The court excluded hearing the eldest of the children, who had just turned 6 years of age, adding that it was likely that the children were disturbed by the situation, but this did not mean it was a result of their living conditions with their mother, and emphasising that the Portuguese courts (already seised) could, if necessary, order an expert assessment.

Author of the summary: Aude Fiorini